Tackling malnutrition

Through harmonised clinical protocols, structured datasets were generated by integrating clinical parameters, dietary and lifestyle information, biological samples and multi-omics analyses, leading to the establishment of physical and digital biobanks that provide a long-term research infrastructure for future studies and biomarker discovery.

A central research axis investigated the gut microbiome both as an indicator of nutritional vulnerability and as a potential therapeutic target. By combining clinical data with experimental and multi-omics approaches, the Spoke identified microbial signatures associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammatory conditions, and clarified how dietary quality, particularly high consumption of ultra-processed foods, influences microbial composition and nutritional risk. Microbial-derived metabolites and bioactive compounds with protective potential were characterised, supporting the development of personalised nutrition strategies and predictive algorithms for the early identification of dysbiosis and malnutrition risk.

WP 6.1 developed a national framework for profiling nutritional vulnerability in Italy through the integration of clinical, dietary, environmental and multi-omics data. The work led to the establishment of structured biobanks, the validation of novel metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, and the development of interoperable digital tools such as the NUTRIA suite. Together, these outcomes provide a data-driven foundation for early detection, personalised interventions and future public health research.

WP 6.2 developed sustainable, multidimensional strategies to prevent malnutrition by integrating dietary guidelines, biological validation of plant-based compounds and digital monitoring tools. Through harmonised methodologies, experimental models and AI-supported analyses, the work established a transferable pipeline linking food matrices, functional ingredients and personalised nutrition approaches. These outcomes provide a structured foundation for sustainable prevention strategies and future public health applications.

WP 6.3 investigated how gut microbiome alterations interact with diet, clinical conditions and lifestyle factors in vulnerable populations. Through multi-omics analyses, certified biobanks and predictive modelling, the work identified microbial biomarkers and bioactive compounds with potential preventive and therapeutic relevance. These outcomes strengthen microbiome-based strategies for early diagnosis, risk prediction and personalised nutritional interventions.

WP 6.4 developed and tested sustainable dietary prototypes, including functional foods, supplements and nutraceuticals, targeting vulnerable groups affected by malnutrition. By integrating food innovation, clinical validation and digital personalisation tools, the work established a scalable model for prevention and treatment strategies. Dissemination activities further supported the translation of research outcomes into clinical and policy contexts.